Antibiotics for cystitis are prescribed after testing and identification of the causative agent of the disease.At the same time, a test is carried out to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to various drugs.Based on the information received, the doctor develops a therapeutic regimen necessary to effectively fight the infection and prevent serious complications.
Efficiency
Pathogenic microflora is capable of developing resistance to various drugs, so modern antibiotics have a broad spectrum of action, allowing them to destroy almost all pathogenic microorganisms.The most popular drug is fosfomycin.
The antibacterial agent is available in powder form.This ensures its high bioavailability.The active ingredient destroys bacterial cells, alleviating the main symptoms of the infection.A broad spectrum of action and a minimum number of side effects allow you to use fosfomycin for various forms of cystitis.
In acute
In case of an acute inflammatory process in the bladder, it is necessary to quickly stop the growth of pathogenic microflora and prevent the disease from becoming chronic.For this purpose, modern antibiotics with proven effectiveness are used.
For acute cystitis, Monural is often prescribed.Its main component is able to accumulate in the tissues of the urinary system and maintain a therapeutic effect for a long period.For uncomplicated infections, a single application is sufficient.
For chronic
In case of chronic cystitis, the antibacterial agent should be selected more carefully, based on test data.Depending on the sensitivity of bacteria to various substances, the doctor determines the name, form of release and dose of the drug.
With blood
When inflammation of the bladder mucosa is accompanied by bleeding, the patient is often hospitalized and subjected to antibiotic injections.Hemorrhagic cystitis represents a serious health hazard.Therefore, the course of treatment takes place in the hospital under the supervision of doctors.
Fluoroquinolones
In complex therapy of cystitis, drugs from the fluoroquinolone group are often used.These are broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotics that can disrupt the DNA synthesis of pathogenic bacteria.
Most fluoroquinolones are effective against gram-negative pathogenic microflora.At the same time, gram-positive microorganisms, such as streptococci, enterococci and pneumococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria, show resistance to these substances.
For the treatment of cystitis and other urinary tract infections, Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin are prescribed.The tablets have a number of contraindications.They should not be used by children under 18 years of age, pregnant and breastfeeding women, patients with renal, hepatic and cardiovascular insufficiency.
Cephalosporins
The cephalosporin group of antibacterial agents includes 5 generations of drugs that can destroy the cell walls of bacteria.Medicines are available in various forms: tablets, solutions and powders for injection and in the form of a suspension.The peculiarity of the drugs is that they are characterized by relatively low toxicity.Antibiotics from this group are in some cases prescribed even to young children.
Side effects of cephalosporins often include nausea and vomiting or allergic skin reactions.For cystitis, the doctor may prescribe Cephalexin monohydrate, Cefixime, Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone.
Penicillins
The list of drugs included in the penicillin group is quite large, since this type of antibiotic was created earlier than others.Medicines affect the enzymes necessary for the synthesis of the cell wall of the infectious agent.However, a large number of species of pathogenic microflora have developed resistance to penicillins.Therefore, these drugs are used less and less to treat inflammatory processes in the urinary system.For cystitis, Ampicillin or Amoxicillin may be prescribed.
Hydroxyquinolines
8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives are characterized by an intense antimicrobial effect.These compounds interfere with the synthesis of DNA gyrase in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, blocking their further reproduction.From the group of hydroxyquinolines, nitroxoline is used in the complex treatment of cystitis.
This remedy is prescribed when treatment with other drugs has not brought a positive result.The antibiotic has many contraindications and can cause serious side effects, so it is strictly prohibited to use it without doctor's advice.
Quinolones
The quinolone group of drugs with bactericidal effect was created on the basis of nalidixic acid (nalidixic acid) and pipemidic acid (pipemidic acid).
Medicines from this series have proven to be effective uroantiseptics, therefore they are often prescribed for the treatment of cystitis and other infectious diseases of the urinary tract.However, not all pathogens are sensitive to these antibiotics, so it is necessary to undergo a test before starting treatment.
Nitrofurans
A class of synthetic antimicrobial agents called nitrofurans includes popular tablets such as nitrofurantoin and furazidine.
These drugs contain active components that are rapidly absorbed into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrate the lesion and accumulate in the urine and kidneys.Medicines stop the growth of bacteria and destroy them.The difficulty in using nitrofurans is that these drugs cause unwanted reactions in the body.
Macrolides
Medicines from the macrolide group are of natural origin and have minimal toxic effects on the human body, therefore they are considered the safest antibacterial agents for cystitis.
For inflammation of the bladder mucosa, tablets such as Roxithromycin and Azithromycin are effective.Their active ingredients destabilize the synthesis of special enzymes in bacterial ribosomes.As a result, pathogenic microorganisms, including intracellular ones, die.Macrolides also stimulate the body's immune response.
Tetracyclines
Antibiotics from the tetracycline group are capable of destroying bacterial cell membranes.These drugs are active against gram-positive aerobic pathogens.Tetracycline drugs are effective against infections caused by some gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria.
However, the spectrum of action of antibiotics is rather narrow compared to other drugs in this pharmaceutical sector.Therefore, tetracyclines are prescribed only after receiving test results.Doxycycline is often used for cystitis.
Levomycetins
The main active ingredient included in drugs of the chloramphenicol group is a component whose properties are identical to the natural antibiotic chloramphenicol.Levomycetin and its analogues are effective against many types of pathogenic microflora.The antibiotic acts bacteriostatically.
However, numerous pathogens of urinary tract infections have developed resistance to chloramphenicol.In addition, the drug has many contraindications.Therefore, for the treatment of cystitis, levomycetin is prescribed only in cases where therapy with other drugs has not given a positive result.
Herbal remedies
To treat inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system, plant-based medicines are used.
A natural remedy based on cranberries is very effective against urinary tract infections.The berry has a bactericidal and diuretic effect, helps strengthen the immune system.
Contraindications
Antibiotics are powerful drugs and have numerous contraindications.Using medications without consulting a doctor can lead to serious health consequences.When treating an infectious lesion of the bladder, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommendations of the urologist, observe the dosage and duration of use of prescribed drugs.
During pregnancy
During pregnancy, most antibiotics are contraindicated as the active components penetrate the placental barrier and can cause malformations in the fetus.Herbal medicines are often prescribed during pregnancy.The doctor individually selects antibacterial agents for the expectant mother, in cases where the benefit for the woman exceeds the potential risk for the baby.
During breastfeeding
Strong medications are also prohibited during breastfeeding.Antibiotics used in the treatment of cystitis in women can harm the baby if the active ingredients are excreted in milk.It is recommended to transfer the child to artificial nutrition for the entire period of therapy.
For children
Children should not be given antibacterial agents without consulting a doctor.Numerous drugs are contraindicated at an early age.Also, the dose of the drug in most cases is calculated based on the weight of the child.
For men
The doctor always makes the choice of antibiotic, taking into account not only the course of the disease, but also the general health of the patient.
For men with acute hepatic, cardiovascular and renal failure, cerebral atherosclerosis and other serious pathologies, numerous drugs are contraindicated.Some antibiotics negatively affect potency and reproductive function.This must be taken into account when taking medications.
Complications
When the bladder becomes inflamed, there is a risk of complications affecting all pelvic organs.The infection can enter the kidneys, causing severe pyelonephritis.Bacterial urinary tract infection is dangerous for women due to various inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs.
If the patient did not follow the doctor's recommendations regarding the dosage of drugs and the duration of the course of therapy, the pathogenic flora that caused the infection may develop resistance to the drugs and become chronic.In this case it is extremely difficult to completely cure cystitis.Chronic infection contributes to the general intoxication of the body and decreased immunity.
Reviews
The best way to treat cystitis at home is to drink fosfomycin.You just need one pack of powder.The next day, no symptoms.There are no side effects either.If I hadn't tried it myself, I wouldn't have believed that in just one day you could get rid of pain, itching and constant trips to the bathroom.The product is expensive, but effective.
Even cheap products can fight infections well.This was demonstrated once again by fosfomycin and ofloxacin.I took an antibiotic and then a herbal medicine to enhance the effect according to the regimen recommended by the doctor.The symptoms of inflammation passed quickly, I stopped running to the bathroom every half hour and returned to normal life.I simply had to follow a course of probiotics to avoid dysbiosis.I didn't notice any more side effects.